Study linking gut microbe type with diet has implications for fighting GI disorders

Study linking gut microbe type with diet has implications for fighting GI disorders

Friday, September 2, 2011

"You are what you eat" is familiar enough, but how deep do the implications go? An interdisciplinary group of investigators from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have found an association between long-term dietary patterns and the bacteria of the human gut. In a study of 98 healthy volunteers, the gut bacteria separated into two distinct groups, called enterotypes, that were associated with long-term consumption of either a typical Western diet rich in meat and fat versus a more agrarian diet rich in plant material. A subsequent controlled-feeding study of 10 subjects showed that gut microbiome composition changed detectably within 24 hours of initiating a high fat/low fiber or low fat/high fiber diet, but that the enterotype identity of the microbe group remained stable during the 10-day study, emphasizing the short-term stability of the enterotypes. The findings were published this week in Science Express, and may have implications for exploring the relationship between diet and therapies for gastriinstesinal dosirders.

"It's well known that diet strongly affects human health, but how diet influences health is not fully understood," says Frederic D. Bushman, PhD, professor of Microbiology , who led the study together with co-principle investigators James Lewis, MD, MSCE, professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology and professor of Epidemiology, and Gary Wu, MD, professor of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology. "We found that diet is linked to the types of microbes in the gut, which provides a potential mechanism connecting diet with health."

Wu noted, "Although the mechanisms by which diet influences gut microbes remain to be fully characterized, our findings also provide insights into the differences in the types of gut bacteria observed in various societies across the globe."

The team used diet inventories ? surveys that catalog what people have eaten in the last 24 hours and also what they usually eat long-term - and compared that to sequenced DNA from stool samples from 98 healthy individuals. The sequencing allowed the researchers to count and identify gut bacteria. Fecal bacterial communities clustered into two broad groups, or enterotypes, distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella.

The enterotypes were strongly associated with diet, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides genus) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella genus). Both Bacteroides and Prevotella are broad genera of bacteria species that typically live in the human gut. Humans tend to have mostly a species from one bacterial group but not both. Vegetarians were more likely to be in the Prevotella group, the enterotype associated with diets enriched in carbohydrates and lacking meat, and the one vegan was also in the Prevotella group.

Subsequently, 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in a controlled feeding experiment in which their diets were fixed for a 10-day period. All ten subjects in the controlled-feeding experiment were in the Bacteroides group at the start, during, and at the end of the experiment. Their gut microbiomes changed within one day but stayed within the same broad Bacteroides group, even if they ate a diet high in carbohydrates over the 10-day period, emphasizing the short-term stability of the enterotypes.

There are several potential applications of this research. The Penn investigators are currently exploring the relationship between dietary therapies for Crohn's and the composition of the gut microbiome.

"Crohn's disease is caused in part by the way our body responds to the microbes in our intestines," explains Lewis. "Dietary therapies are different from most other Crohn's disease therapies because the dietary therapies don't suppress the immune system. One hypothesis is that these dietary therapies work by changing what organisms live in the intestines."

Roughly 1.5 million people in the United States suffer from ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, whose symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding, nausea, and diarrhea.

The next line of study will be to identify changes in microbial composition associated with successful dietary intervention for these diseases , then optimize ways of creating these changes for improved therapy.

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University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine: http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/

Thanks to University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/113068/Study_linking_gut_microbe_type_with_diet_has_implications_for_fighting_GI_disorders

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Short Sales Soar 19 Percent in Second ... - La Jolla Homes For Sale

The U.S. Real Estate market, including the La Jolla Real Estate market, has seen an increase in short sales of pre-foreclosure properties. According to RISMedia, these short sales jumped 19 percent in the second quarter, even as sales of bank-owned foreclosures declined and overall distressed sales were stagnant. The average sale price across the nation was $192,129, with higher price points in suburbs and the La Jolla Real Estate market. Read on for an in depth look at how short sales have affected the La Jolla real estate market this summer season.

The following article is provided by RISMedia.

A total of 102,407 pre-foreclosure homes?in default or scheduled for auction?sold to third parties in the second quarter, an increase of 19 percent from the previous quarter but still down 12 percent from the second quarter of 2010. Pre-foreclosure sales accounted for 12 percent of all sales, the same percentage as in the first quarter but up from 10 percent of all sales in the second quarter of 2010, according to the second quarter report from RealtyTrac.

Pre-foreclosures, which are often sold via short sale, had an average sales price nationwide of $192,129, a discount of 21 percent below the average sales price of non-foreclosure homes. That discount increased from a 17 percent discount in the previous quarter and a 14 percent discount in the second quarter of 2010. Pre-foreclosures sold in the second quarter took an average of 245 days to sell after receiving the initial foreclosure notice, down from an average of 256 days in the first quarter?following three straight quarters of increases in the average time to sell pre-foreclosures.

Some of the states with the biggest quarterly increases in pre-foreclosure home sales included Nevada with a 43 percent increase, Washington with a 39 percent increase, California with a 38 percent increase, and Texas with a 34 percent increase.

A total of 162,680 bank-owned (REO) homes sold to third parties in the second quarter, virtually unchanged from the 162,900 in the first quarter and down 10 percent from the second quarter of 2010. REO sales accounted for 19 percent of all sales in the second quarter, down from 23 percent of all sales in the first quarter but up from 15 percent of all sales in the second quarter of 2010.
Sales of homes that were in some stage of foreclosure or bank owned accounted for 31 percent of all U.S. residential sales in the second quarter of 2011, down from nearly 36 percent of all sales in the first quarter but up from 24 percent of all sales in the second quarter of 2010.

Despite the increase in share of total sales from a year ago, sales of real estate in some stage of foreclosure (NOD, LIS, NTS, NFS) or bank-owned (REO) decreased from a year ago in terms of raw numbers. Third parties purchased a total of 265,087 homes in foreclosure or bank owned nationwide in the second quarter, up 6 percent from a revised first quarter total but still down 11 percent from the second quarter of 2010.
The average sales price of homes in foreclosure or bank owned was $164,217 in the second quarter, down less than 1 percent from the first quarter and down nearly 5 percent from the second quarter of 2010. The average sales price for homes in foreclosure or bank owned was 32 percent below the average sales price of homes not in foreclosure.
Nationally, REOs had an average sales price of $145,211, a discount of nearly 40 percent below the average sales price of non-foreclosure homes. This is an increase from a 36 percent discount in the previous quarter and a 34 percent discount in the second quarter of 2010. REOs that sold in the second quarter took an average of 178 days to sell after being foreclosed on, up from 176 days in the first quarter and up from 164 days in the second quarter of 2010.

Foreclosure-related sales accounted for 65 percent of all residential sales in Nevada during the second quarter, the highest percentage of any state. Third parties purchased a total of 15,685 homes in foreclosure or bank owned in Nevada during the second quarter, up 24 percent from the first quarter and up 31 percent from the second quarter of 2010.

Arizona foreclosure-related sales also increased on a quarterly and annual basis, accounting for 57 percent of all sales in the state during the second quarter?the second highest percentage of any state.
Third parties purchased a total of 69,897 homes in foreclosure or bank owned in California during the second quarter, 51 percent of all sales in the state. Foreclosure-related sales in California increased 12 percent from the first quarter but were virtually unchanged from the second quarter of 2010.

Michigan foreclosure-related sales accounted for 41 percent of all sales in the state during the second quarter, the fourth highest percentage among the states, and Georgia foreclosure-related sales accounted for 38 percent of all sales in the state during the second quarter, the fifth highest percentage.

Other states where foreclosure-related sales accounted for at least 30 percent of all sales were Colorado (36 percent), Florida (35 percent), Illinois (34 percent), Oregon (33 percent), and Idaho (30 percent).

Source: http://www.ljplatinum.com/blog/?p=197

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Today's top culture picks from around the web

AP

1. What do Madonna, Johnny Cash and Norman Mailer have in common?

All three have volumes among the top-10 "most sought after out-of-print books," according to BookFinder.com's fall 2011 report. Madonna came in on top (again) with "Sex" -- "the largest-grossing illustrated book of all time," according to AbeBooks -- while Cash's "Man in Black" and Mailer's biography of Marilyn Monroe came in seventh and eighth places, respectively. [Via The Guardian]

2. The next season of "Dancing With the Stars" will feature Nancy Grace, Chaz Bono and David Arquette, among others.

Despite ourselves, we were hoping the invite to Christine O'Donnell would be re-extended. She might have considered accepting it this time; her book's reportedly not selling very well.

3. Central Park's new font.

At The New York Times's City Room blog, David Dunlap notes that Central Park's signs are sporting a new font this year. "The appearance of white Titling Gothic letters on a sprightly yellowish-green background is supposed to convey more of an informal than a dictatorial stance," he writes. [Via ARTINFO]

4. Wanted: Volunteers with a knack for transcription.

The scholars bent on deciphering the Oxyrhynchus Papyri -- 500,000 fragments of Greek writing created two millennia ago -- won't be able to finish the job on their own. If you've got some time on your hands, head over here to help them out. [Via io9]

5. The Hold Steady covers Huey Lewis & The News' "The Power of Love" for A.V. Club's excellent Undercover series:

It's back to the future, as Craig Finn's Brooklyn bar band -- usually associated with Bruce Springsteen or obscure Minneapolis hardcore band -- tackle the '80s hit.

The Hold Steady covers Huey Lewis & The News

Source: http://www.salon.com/ent/feature/2011/08/30/five_culture_madonna_dwts/index.html

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Rocco's Story ? A Case For Divorce Mediation (Part 1 ...

Over 50% of married couples are currently seeking a ?legal separation? OR Divorce! Most believe they MUST retain TWO lawyers when ending their marriage! Unfortunately, these couples do NOT realize they are setting themselves up to be exploited in an ?adversarial? system, designed by the lawyers and the courts to be devisive, manipulative, and EXPENSIVE! This, under the theory ALL is being done for ?the best interests of the child?!!! DIVORCE MEDIATION is a cost effective option when couples seek to change the status of THEIR marriage. It is SMART, AFFORDABLE, FAST, but most important, THE COUPLES ARE IN CHARGE OF THE OUTCOME! Certainly, the quicker it can get done, the better for the children and the mental state of the couple, AND the family finances. The goal is to get on with life, and set up an amicable relationship POST divorce when children are in the mix! At DivorceMediation.us.com, we can asist these couples conclude there marriage in a dignified, cost effective manner without engaging lawyers, law guardians, court ordered psychotherpists, THE POLICE, or the Courts! Video Rating: 0 / 5

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Source: http://www.divorce-attorney-news.com/pennsylvania/divorce/roccos-story-a-case-for-divorce-mediation-part-1/

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The Pitfalls of Positive Thinking

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From superstar athletes to self-help devotees, advocates of positive thinking?imagining yourself succeeding at something you want to happen?believe it is a surefire way to help you attain a goal. Past studies have backed that idea, too, but now researchers are refining the picture. Paint your fantasy in too rosy a hue, and you may be hurting your chances of success.

One possible explanation is that idealized thinking can sap motivation, as outlined in a study published earlier this year in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Researchers asked college student volunteers to think through a fantasy version of an experience (looking attractive in a pair of high-heeled shoes, winning an essay contest, or getting an A on a test) and then evaluated the fantasy?s effect on the subjects and on how things unfolded in reality. When participants envisioned the most positive outcome, their energy levels, as measured by blood pressure, dropped, and they reported having a worse experience with the actual event than those who had conjured more realistic or even negative visions. To assess subjects? real-life experiences, the researchers compared lists of goals that subjects had set for themselves against what they had actually accomplished and also relied on self-reports. ?When you fantasize about it?especially when you fantasize something very positive?it?s almost like you are actually living it,? says Heather Barry Kappes of New York University, one of the study?s co-authors. That tricks the mind into thinking the goal has been achieved, draining the incentive to ?get energized to go and get it,? she explains.? Subjects may be better off imagining how to surmount obstacles instead of ignoring them.

The approach may also apply to sports. A report published in the July issue of Perspectives on Psychological Findings suggests that talking oneself through the fine details of an athletic task may work better than picturing an optimal outcome. ?It?s positive thinking, plus instructions,? says lead author Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis of the University of Thessaly in Greece.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=b93c51b2b4e4aec3ece28e95a6d71d1e

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Anna and Hazare-ism are here to stay (News Analysis)

New Delhi, Aug 29

The fast is over. The fight is not.

As Team Anna and tens of thousands celebrated Sunday after Anna Hazare broke his hunger strike for strong anti-corruption legislation, it was clear that more battles are around the corner. Hazare himself and his confidants said in speeches at the Ramlila ground that people should brace themselves for more such campaigns revolving around issues ranging from corruption to governance.

And with Team Anna proving the potency of "People Power", it will only be tempting to embrace the strategy again and again.

For the starter, the 74-year-old Hazare declared before sipping coconut water laced with honey that only half the battle had been won in the war for a corruption-free India. He told the tens of thousands at the sprawling ground that he was only suspending his fast, not ending it, and that he would fight on until an effective Lokpal bill became a reality.

He added that Indians needed the right to recall elected representatives -- MPs and legislators. He also called for sweeping electoral reforms.

Arvind Kejriwal, Team Anna's most astute strategist, also underlined that India did not have participatory democracy.

He said the Anna fast and the nationwide campaign for an effective Lokpal bill was the first instance when people at large became associated with the framing of legislation.

Yes, parliament is supreme, he agreed, but quickly added that people were more important than any legislature.

The message was not lost on the government.

Law Minister Salman Khurshid, one of the five ministers who held extensive talks with Hazare and his team both before and during the fast, said civil society would henceforth be involved in law making.

Team Anna is also likely to keep up the pressure on the government so that the principles of the Jan Lokpal Bill they have prepared do not get diluted over time. Their insistence on fighting it out until their three main demands were met virtually brought the Congress-led government to its knees.

In the process, a government which at one time seemed dismissive of Team Anna was forced to bow to Hazare amid fears that his dragging protest could lead to terrible consequences.

The political class is unlikely to give in each time. But it is equally true that it will not find it easy to brush aside civil society on any issue, irrespective of who it is led by.

Hazare's advantages are his credentials, his austere living and his previous battles with the corrupt of all hues, all of which have combined to give him a charismatic pan-India appeal.

His strategy of resorting to hunger strike -- a weapon Mahatma Gandhi used with devastating effect against the British -- only helped him draw massive crowds.

And Team Anna turned out to be politically more suave than some of the politicians who dealt with them.

All this means one thing: be ready for further faceoffs between the government and civil society. Anna and Hazare-ism are here to stay.

(M.R. Narayan Swamy can be contacted at narayan.swamy@ians.in)

Source: http://www.prokerala.com/news/articles/a243355.html

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Vitamin D |??? possible relationship between vitamin D levels and ...

August 29, 2011 ? 2:09 am

A new study links high levels of vitamin D associated with an increased risk of skin cancer only underlines what doctors have to say all the time: Do not forget the sunscreen.

Summer is not over yet. Brush sun safety tips

Dr. Melody J. Eide, and researchers at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit studied more than 3,200 white participants in a health maintenance organization at high risk of developing melanoma skin cancer.

These participants had osteoporosis, a disease in which bones weak and brittle, or are concerned about the possible diagnosis along.

After seeing the level of patients with vitamin D, which is crucial for bone health and medical history, the team found that people with higher vitamin is an increased risk for the development of the two found types of nonmelanoma skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, the most common and rarely fatal, and squamous cell carcinomas.

Dr. Jennifer Stein, a lecturer at the Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at New York University Langone Medical Center said the study is valuable because scientists studied a large group of people, as the medical records of patients seen and no longer rely on the memories of patients.

He said that although the study is not to discover why the amounts of the main actors of the vitamin, sunshine a "reasonable explanation" and the report is that further evidence that vitamin D in skin cancer therapy.

The study authors noted that "evidence of association of the vitamin D levels in skin cancer is inconsistent," and that more research. The results were published in the Archives of Dermatology.

Diagnosed non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the USA and prostate, lung, colon, ovarian and breast cancer together, says the study.

Check Consumer Reports ratings of the best sunscreens.

"Sunlight is a source of vitamin D," Stein said. "We know that sun exposure is clearly linked to skin cancer, especially in this type of skin cancer."

Almost 37 percent of Americans take vitamin D, and Stein said he did not know, because to stop the study.

"It's a healthy amount of vitamin D," he said. "The surest way to get vitamin D in the diet in place of the sun"

More than two million non-melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year, according to the American Cancer Society. Dermatologists diagnose and treat more than 3.5 million cases of skin cancer each year, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. To almost 20 percent of Americans develop skin cancer in their lives.

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Source: http://acaiberrybellyfatcure.com/vitamin-d-possible-relationship-between-vitamin-d-levels-and-cancer-risk-study/

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